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Apache 安装、配置、优化

  Apache 安装、配置、优化   安装 Apache 2.0.48 (查看Install手册)   考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 Google 更加容易收录网站,特地添加了 mod_rewrite 。   同时为了限制流量,特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。   建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录,以便以后升级时使用。   记得升级前关闭 apache2.0   编译过程:     代码:   #./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward   # make   # make install     这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so,mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。   同样有另外几种写法     代码:   #./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite     或者     代码:   #./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”     --enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉” _module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手册)     注意 :"如果希望核心能够装载 DSO,而不实际编译任何动态模块,则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册),所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 参数     安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块     代码:   # apachectl -l   Compiled in modules:   core.c   mod_Access.c   mod_auth.c   mod_include.c   mod_log_config.c   mod_env.c   mod_setenvif.c   prefork.c   http_core.c   mod_mime.c   mod_status.c   mod_autoindex.c   mod_asis.c   mod_cgi.c   mod_negotiation.c   mod_dir.c mod_imap.c   mod_actions.c   mod_speling.c   mod_userdir.c   mod_alias.c   mod_rewrite.c   mod_so.c     接着,将启动程序放入开机程序中去。 如果要启动 ssl 加密网页,则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分 )     代码:   # echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local     参考:   代码:   If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot ,   you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or   a file in an rc.N Directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure   that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions.     在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径,使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。     代码:   # vi /etc/profile   PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:”     配置 apache2.0     代码:   # vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf     配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_Html)     代码:   #chmod 755 – R /home/dalouis/     设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server."     一些关于安全性的配置:     考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题,我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 #.   Xiyang 的配置   我用的: mod_limitipconn, mod_eXPires, mod_gzip, mod_PHP4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core     关于超时的问题   在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候,经常会出现因为超时,或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题,原因有二,一是代码的不科学性,二是 apache 的设置问题。     以下是对设置的一点改动:     代码:   # KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than   # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.     # KeepAlive Off     # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow   # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.   # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.     # MaxKeepAliveRequests 0     # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request   # from the same client on the same connection.     # KeepAliveTimeout 0     • 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行,将参数由 common 改成 combined     代码:   # If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,   # uncomment the following directives.   CustomLog logs/referer_log referer         CustomLog logs/agent_log agent   CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined         使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数     Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。     代码:   ##InstrUCtions for building DSO with proxy tracking:   # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz   # tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz   # cd httpd-2.0.39   # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff   # ./buildconf   # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward   # make   # make install   # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22   # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH   # make install   安装过程     # lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz   # tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz   # cd httpd-2.0.48   # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff   patching file configure.in   Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).   patching file include/scoreboard.h   patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c   Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).   patching file server/scoreboard.c   # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward   # make   # make install   # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22   # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH   # make install   ----------------------------------------------------------------------   Libraries have been installed in:   /usr/local/apache2/modules   If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries   in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use liBTool, and   specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'   flag during linking and do at least one of the following:   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable   during execution   - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable   during linking   - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag   - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'   See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for   more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.   ----------------------------------------------------------------------   chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so   [activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf]     检查 httpd.conf 文件,发现增加了一下一行     代码:   LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so     同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。     代码:   ExtendedStatus On   # Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO   LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so   <IfModule mod_limitipconn.c>   <Location /somewhere>   MaxConnPerIP 3   # exempting images from the connection limit is often a good
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